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Pavel V. Nikitin. Analysis of Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning Ducts as a Radio Frequency Communication Channel. Ph.D. Thesis, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, 2002.
A typical HVAC duct system is a network of interconnected hollow metal pipes which can serve as waveguides and carry electromagnetic waves. This work presents an analysis of this system as a radio frequency communication channel. Two main parts of the analysis include channel modelling and antenna design. The propagation modelling approach used here is based on the waveguide mode theory and employs the transfer matrix method to describe propagation through various cascaded HVAC ele- ments. This allows one to model the channel response in the frequency domain. Impulse response characteristics of the ducts are also analyzed in this work. The approximate transfer matrices of cylindrical straight sections, bends, and tapers are derived analytically. The transforming properties of cylindrical T-junctions are analyzed experimentally. Antenna designs in waveguides and free-space are different. In waveguides, mode excitation characteristics are important as well as the impedance match. The criteria for antenna design in waveguides are presented here. Antennas analyzed in this work are monopole antennas, dipole antennas, and antenna arrays. The developed model can predict both channel response and antenna characteristics for a given geometry and dimensions of the duct system and the antennas. The model is computationally effi- cient and can potentially be applied to duct systems of multiple story buildings. The accuracy of the model has been validated with extensive experimental measurements on real HVAC ducts.
@PHDTHESIS{nikitin_thesis_2002, author = {Pavel V. Nikitin}, title = {Analysis of Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning Ducts as a Radio Frequency Communication Channel}, school = {Carnegie Mellon University}, year = {2002}, address = {Pittsburgh, PA}, month = {Aug.}, abstract = {A typical HVAC duct system is a network of interconnected hollow metal pipes which can serve as waveguides and carry electromagnetic waves. This work presents an analysis of this system as a radio frequency communication channel. Two main parts of the analysis include channel modelling and antenna design. The propagation modelling approach used here is based on the waveguide mode theory and employs the transfer matrix method to describe propagation through various cascaded HVAC ele- ments. This allows one to model the channel response in the frequency domain. Impulse response characteristics of the ducts are also analyzed in this work. The approximate transfer matrices of cylindrical straight sections, bends, and tapers are derived analytically. The transforming properties of cylindrical T-junctions are analyzed experimentally. Antenna designs in waveguides and free-space are different. In waveguides, mode excitation characteristics are important as well as the impedance match. The criteria for antenna design in waveguides are presented here. Antennas analyzed in this work are monopole antennas, dipole antennas, and antenna arrays. The developed model can predict both channel response and antenna characteristics for a given geometry and dimensions of the duct system and the antennas. The model is computationally effi- cient and can potentially be applied to duct systems of multiple story buildings. The accuracy of the model has been validated with extensive experimental measurements on real HVAC ducts.}, owner = {henty}, pdf = {Nikitin_PhDThesis.pdf}, timestamp = {2006.06.18}, }
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